Vocab: ulatama
to hand
to hand, to extend, to hold out, to reach, to lend
Building blocks
ula- extended, long, far
-ta- factitive (“make something be X”)
-ma - infinitive ending
The Estonian word ulatama (to reach) is derived from the Proto-Finnic word ula-, which means "extended, long, far".
How to use it
There are a few things to note when using the word ulatama:
To whom you hand something is in the Allative case (ending -le).
What you hold out is in the Genitive case (second base form) in the Singular and Nominative case in the plural (see Full vs Partial Object)
How far/high (up to what) you reach is in the Terminative case (ending -ni)
There are a few different situations in which you can use the word ulatama. Here are a few possibilites:
To give something to someone: Ta ulatas mulle pliiatsid. (He handed me the pencils.)
To ask for something: Kas sa ulatad mulle soola, palun? (Can you hand me the salt, please?)
To offer something: Kas ma ulatan sulle tassi teed? (Can I offer you a cup of tea?)
To help someone: Ta ulatas mulle abikäe (He lent me a helping hand)
Examples
Ma ulatasin isale telefoni
Literally: “I handed dad-on phone”
Idiomatically: “I handed the phone to dad”
Ma - Pronoun - Nom Sg, "I"
ulatasin - Verb - 1P Past Sg, "handed"
isale - Noun - Allative Sg, "dad-on"
telefoni - Noun - Gen Sg, "phone"Ulata mulle kahvel
Literally: “Hand me fork”
Idiomatically: “Hand me the fork”
Ulata - Verb - 2P Imperative Sg, "Hand"
mulle - Pronoun - Allative Sg, "me"
kahvel - Noun - Nom Sg, "fork"